Questões de Concurso Público Prefeitura de Campo Bom - RS 2023 para Professor de Ensino Fundamental Anos Finais - Língua Inglesa
Foram encontradas 12 questões
Instrução: As questões de números 01 a 10 referem-se ao texto abaixo. Os destaques ao longo do texto estão citados nas questões.
As vantagens da preferência pela arquitetura sustentável
Por Alessandra Barassi
- O significado da palavra "sustentabilidade" ainda não está muito claro no inconsciente
- coletivo. Então, para não complicar muito, aí vai a explicação clássica: sustentabilidade é a
- condição sustentável alcançada pela congregação benfazeja do trinômio pessoas, planeta e
- viabilidade econômica. Dessa forma, ao falarmos de arquitetura sustentável, estamos tratando
- daquela que atende as necessidades das pessoas, respeita o planeta e é viável economicamente.
- Na prática, isso quer dizer que os projetos precisam ser mais inteligentes. Edifícios devem ser
- confortáveis e causar menos impacto ambiental, além de ter baixos custos de execução e
- manutenção ao longo de sua vida útil. E, para se chegar a projetos inteligentes, é necessário
- adotar o “design integrado”, em que se equacionam vários critérios de sustentabilidade, como
- orientação solar, ventilação natural, materiais ecológicos, uso eficiente de água e energia, gestão
- de resíduos, entre outros.
- Há quem pense que para atender a todos esses critérios seja requisito o dispor de muitos
- recursos. Não necessariamente. Estudos indicam que construções sustentáveis podem custar
- cerca 5% mais ou até custar menos, se bem projetadas. É possível valer-se estratégias passivas,
- que dispensem equipamentos caros e adotem soluções de desenho ainda no papel. Em tempos
- de energia cara, uma preocupação corriqueira é o gasto com ar-condicionado, que pode
- perfeitamente ser minimizado a partir da execução de um bom projeto. Basta orientar as maiores
- janelas de uma casa para o lado onde o sol nasce e posicionar sanitários, despensas e depósitos
- no lado poente. Assim, a luz da manhã fica garantida com temperaturas amenas e o calor da
- tarde não incomoda ambientes de baixa permanência. Trata-se de um exemplo simples de
- estratégia passiva, sem custo extra.
- É claro que, conforme a escala e necessidade de cada projeto, nem sempre será possível
- adotar apenas estratégias passivas. Em um grande edifício corporativo, com muitas salas de
- trabalho, é provável que não seja possível posicionar todas as janelas para o nascente. Nesses
- casos, é preciso lançar mão de estratégias mecânicas de alto desempenho, como um
- ar-condicionado central, para garantir o conforto de todos os colaboradores. Ainda assim, seria
- eficaz projetar uma proteção externa para as janelas do poente (os brises ou venezianas), a fim
- de reduzir o calor e a frequência de uso dos condicionadores de ar.
- Outra estratégia importante é a escolha de materiais ecológicos (não nocivos à saúde e de
- baixo impacto ambiental). No que se refere a materiais estruturais, é necessário optar por
- aqueles com baixas emissões de dióxido de carbono no processo produtivo. A madeira, além de
- ser renovável, é capaz de estocar o referido gás. No caso das tintas, vernizes e químicos em
- geral, há no mercado uma série de produtos à base de água, atóxicos e de baixo poder
- contaminante, sem qualquer custo adicional. Basta prestar atenção e fazer a escolha correta.
- Optar por sanitários de duplo acionamento, arejadores e restritores de vazão em lavatórios
- contribui para reduzir cerca de 30% do consumo usual de água. Plantas nativas nos jardins
- favorecem a biodiversidade e requerem menos irrigação.
- Assim, para praticar a arquitetura sustentável é fundamental entender as edificações como
- sistemas e pensar os critérios de sustentabilidade de forma integrada. Edifícios compõem bairros,
- cidades e países. Devem ser concebidos como integrantes do meio ambiente que, além de
- demandar água, energia e materiais de construção em larga escala, também demandarão
- infraestrutura, transporte e serviços. Portanto, um projeto sustentável prevê soluções menos
- impactantes em todo o ciclo de vida do edifício, inclusive o correto descarte ou reciclagem do
- material empregado. Pensando dessa maneira, cada projetista será também um agente de
- proteção do nosso planeta.
(Disponível em: https://www.wwf.org.br/?56242/Artigo---Arquitetura-sustentavel-o-que-e-para-que-serve-e-como-fazer – texto adaptado especialmente para esta prova).
Qual das seguintes palavras retiradas do texto possui a maior quantidade de notações léxicas?
A criança e o adolescente têm direito à liberdade, ao respeito e à dignidade como pessoas humanas em processo de desenvolvimento e como sujeitos de direitos civis, humanos e sociais garantidos na Constituição e nas leis. O direito à liberdade compreende, entre outros:
I. Ir, vir e estar nos logradouros públicos e espaços comunitários, ressalvadas as restrições legais.
II. Participar da vida familiar e comunitária, sem discriminação.
III. Brincar, praticar esportes e divertir-se.
IV. Buscar refúgio, auxílio e orientação.
Quais estão corretas?
Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
He donated blood and saved the lives of 2.4 million babies
01 Most people get a gold watch when they retire. James Harrison deserves so much more than
02 that. Known as the “Man With the Golden Arm,” Harrison has donated blood nearly every week
03 for 60 years, and after all those donations, the 81-year-old Australian man “retired” Friday.
04 According to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he has helped save the lives of more than
05 2.4 million Australian babies because his blood has unique, disease-fighting antibodies.
06 Harrison’s antibodies have been used to develop an injection called Anti-D, which helps
07 fight against rhesus disease. This disease is a condition where a pregnant woman has rhesus-
08 negative blood (RhD negative) and the baby in her womb has rhesus-positive blood (RhD
09 positive), inherited from its father. If the mother has been sensitized to rhesus-positive blood,
10 usually during a previous pregnancy with a rhesus-positive baby, she may produce antibodies
11 that destroy the baby’s “foreign” blood cells. In the worst cases, it can result in brain damage,
12 or death, for the babies.
13 Harrison’s remarkable gift of giving started when he had major chest surgery when he was
14 just 14. Blood donations saved his life, so he pledged to become a blood donor. A few years
15 later, doctors discovered his blood contained the antibody which could be used to create Anti-D
16 injections, so he switched over to making blood plasma donations to help as many people as
17 possible. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why Harrison has this rare blood type, but they think it
18 might be from the transfusions he received when he was 14, after his surgery. He’s one of no
19 more than 50 people in Australia known to have the antibodies, according to the blood service.
20 “In Australia, up until about 1967, there were literally thousands of babies dying each year,
21 doctors didn’t know why, and it was awful.” Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross
22 Blood Service, told CNN. “Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with
23 this antibody, so it was quite revolutionary at the time.”
24 The blood service estimates Harrison saved more than two million lives, and for that, he is
25 considered a national hero in Australia. He’s won numerous awards for his generosity, including
26 the Medal of the Order of Australia, one of the country’s most prestigious honors. Now that
27 Harrison has given his last blood donation (in Australia you can’t donate blood past the age of
28 81), Falkenmire and others hope people with similar antibodies in their blood will step up and
29 donate.
(Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/11/health/james-harrison-blood-donor-retires-trnd/index.html – text especially adapted for this test).
Analyze the following statements about the text and mark T, if true, or F, if false.
( ) Harrison survived rhesus disease, and that is why he has antibodies against it.
( ) Rhesus disease can cause the death of the pregnant mother.
( ) The first pregnancy can make a woman develop antibodies that will attack the baby’s cells in a second pregnancy.
( ) The Anti-D injection protects the baby when the mother has rhesus disease.
The correct order of filling the parentheses, from top to bottom, is:
Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
He donated blood and saved the lives of 2.4 million babies
01 Most people get a gold watch when they retire. James Harrison deserves so much more than
02 that. Known as the “Man With the Golden Arm,” Harrison has donated blood nearly every week
03 for 60 years, and after all those donations, the 81-year-old Australian man “retired” Friday.
04 According to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he has helped save the lives of more than
05 2.4 million Australian babies because his blood has unique, disease-fighting antibodies.
06 Harrison’s antibodies have been used to develop an injection called Anti-D, which helps
07 fight against rhesus disease. This disease is a condition where a pregnant woman has rhesus-
08 negative blood (RhD negative) and the baby in her womb has rhesus-positive blood (RhD
09 positive), inherited from its father. If the mother has been sensitized to rhesus-positive blood,
10 usually during a previous pregnancy with a rhesus-positive baby, she may produce antibodies
11 that destroy the baby’s “foreign” blood cells. In the worst cases, it can result in brain damage,
12 or death, for the babies.
13 Harrison’s remarkable gift of giving started when he had major chest surgery when he was
14 just 14. Blood donations saved his life, so he pledged to become a blood donor. A few years
15 later, doctors discovered his blood contained the antibody which could be used to create Anti-D
16 injections, so he switched over to making blood plasma donations to help as many people as
17 possible. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why Harrison has this rare blood type, but they think it
18 might be from the transfusions he received when he was 14, after his surgery. He’s one of no
19 more than 50 people in Australia known to have the antibodies, according to the blood service.
20 “In Australia, up until about 1967, there were literally thousands of babies dying each year,
21 doctors didn’t know why, and it was awful.” Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross
22 Blood Service, told CNN. “Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with
23 this antibody, so it was quite revolutionary at the time.”
24 The blood service estimates Harrison saved more than two million lives, and for that, he is
25 considered a national hero in Australia. He’s won numerous awards for his generosity, including
26 the Medal of the Order of Australia, one of the country’s most prestigious honors. Now that
27 Harrison has given his last blood donation (in Australia you can’t donate blood past the age of
28 81), Falkenmire and others hope people with similar antibodies in their blood will step up and
29 donate.
(Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/11/health/james-harrison-blood-donor-retires-trnd/index.html – text especially adapted for this test).
Which of the following questions is NOT answered by the text?
Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.
He donated blood and saved the lives of 2.4 million babies
01 Most people get a gold watch when they retire. James Harrison deserves so much more than
02 that. Known as the “Man With the Golden Arm,” Harrison has donated blood nearly every week
03 for 60 years, and after all those donations, the 81-year-old Australian man “retired” Friday.
04 According to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, he has helped save the lives of more than
05 2.4 million Australian babies because his blood has unique, disease-fighting antibodies.
06 Harrison’s antibodies have been used to develop an injection called Anti-D, which helps
07 fight against rhesus disease. This disease is a condition where a pregnant woman has rhesus-
08 negative blood (RhD negative) and the baby in her womb has rhesus-positive blood (RhD
09 positive), inherited from its father. If the mother has been sensitized to rhesus-positive blood,
10 usually during a previous pregnancy with a rhesus-positive baby, she may produce antibodies
11 that destroy the baby’s “foreign” blood cells. In the worst cases, it can result in brain damage,
12 or death, for the babies.
13 Harrison’s remarkable gift of giving started when he had major chest surgery when he was
14 just 14. Blood donations saved his life, so he pledged to become a blood donor. A few years
15 later, doctors discovered his blood contained the antibody which could be used to create Anti-D
16 injections, so he switched over to making blood plasma donations to help as many people as
17 possible. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why Harrison has this rare blood type, but they think it
18 might be from the transfusions he received when he was 14, after his surgery. He’s one of no
19 more than 50 people in Australia known to have the antibodies, according to the blood service.
20 “In Australia, up until about 1967, there were literally thousands of babies dying each year,
21 doctors didn’t know why, and it was awful.” Jemma Falkenmire, of the Australian Red Cross
22 Blood Service, told CNN. “Australia was one of the first countries to discover a blood donor with
23 this antibody, so it was quite revolutionary at the time.”
24 The blood service estimates Harrison saved more than two million lives, and for that, he is
25 considered a national hero in Australia. He’s won numerous awards for his generosity, including
26 the Medal of the Order of Australia, one of the country’s most prestigious honors. Now that
27 Harrison has given his last blood donation (in Australia you can’t donate blood past the age of
28 81), Falkenmire and others hope people with similar antibodies in their blood will step up and
29 donate.
(Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/11/health/james-harrison-blood-donor-retires-trnd/index.html – text especially adapted for this test).
Mark the INCORRECT alternative about the text.