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Ano: 2024
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CBM-PA
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2024 - CBM-PA - Oficial do Corpo de Bombeiros |
Q2350475
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-II
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is
a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan
parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. About 6-7 million people worldwide
are estimated to be infected with T. cruzi. The disease is found
mainly in endemic areas of 21 continental Latin American
countries, where it has been mostly transmitted to humans and
other mammals by contact with feces or urine of triatomine bugs
(vector-borne), known as kissing bugs, among many other
popular names, depending on the geographical area.
Chagas disease is named after Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano
Chagas, a Brazilian physician and researcher who discovered the
disease in 1909. Chagas disease was once entirely confined to
continental rural areas of the Region of the Americas (excluding
the Caribbean islands). Due to increased population mobility
over previous decades, most infected people now live in urban
settings and the infection has been increasingly detected in the
United States of America, Canada, and many European and some
African, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific countries.
Chagas disease’s transmission is caused by T. cruzi
parasites, which are mainly transmitted by contact with
feces/urine of infected blood-sucking triatomine bugs. Normally
they hide during the day and become active at night when they
feed on animal blood, including human blood. They usually bite
an exposed area of skin such as the face (hence its common
name, kissing bug), and the bug defecates or urinates close to the
bite. The parasites enter the body when the person instinctively
smears the bug’s feces or urine into the bite, other skin breaks,
the eyes, or the mouth. T. cruzi can also be transmitted by
consumption of food or beverages contaminated with T. cruzi
through, for example, contact with feces or urine of infected
triatomine bugs or common opossums. This kind of transmission
typically causes outbreaks with more severe cases and mortality;
passage from an infected mother to her newborn during
pregnancy or childbirth; blood or blood product transfusion from
infected donors; some organ transplants using organs from
infected donors; and laboratory accidents.
Internet: <who.int> (adapted).
Regarding the transmission of Chagas disease, according to text
1A2-II, judge the following items.
I Blood product transfusion from infected donors can transmit the disease.
II The also called kissing bug’s feces and urine carry the protozoan parasite.
III Infected pregnant women cannot contaminate their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.
IV Contaminated food or drinks can transmit Chagas disease to people.
Choose the correct option.
I Blood product transfusion from infected donors can transmit the disease.
II The also called kissing bug’s feces and urine carry the protozoan parasite.
III Infected pregnant women cannot contaminate their babies during pregnancy or childbirth.
IV Contaminated food or drinks can transmit Chagas disease to people.
Choose the correct option.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259750
Inglês
Phonetic transcription contains a lot of information about
the exact quality of the sounds The phonetic symbol for
the initial consonant sound in “charm” is [tʃ]. The same [tʃ]
sound is found in alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259748
Inglês
Texto associado
Fricatives are consonants with the characteristic that
air escapes through a narrow passage and makes a hissing
sound. The dental fricatives are sometimes described as if the
tongue were placed between the front teeth, and it is common
for teachers to make their students do this when they are
trying to teach them the sound. The thing is, however, that the
tongue is normally placed behind the teeth; the air escapes
through the gaps between the tongue and the teeth. There is
a distiction between fortis (unvoiced) fricatives, as in the word
“thin”, and lenis (voiced) fricatives, as in “thus”. (Roach 2003)
(Mark Roach,. English Phonetics and Phonology.
Cambridge: CUP, 2003. Adaptado)
There are several words with fricatives in the preceding
text. The word with an unvoiced initial fricative is
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259747
Inglês
Na frase “in situations where students are expected to
learn English as an additional language”, a palavra destacada em negrito pode ser corretamente substituída por:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
EsFCEx
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - EsFCEx - Oficial - Magistério em Inglês |
Q2259744
Inglês
Texto associado
Um conceito essencial para o trabalho com gêneros de
texto é o de capacidades de linguagem. A primeira delas é a
de ação. A capacidade de ação trata das representações que
o agente produtor do texto tem sobre o contexto em que o
gênero será produzido.
A segunda capacidade de linguagem envolvida na produção textual é a discursiva. Pode-se dizer que ela diz respeito aos tipos de discurso e aos tipos de sequências predominantes que um determinado gênero apresenta. A terceira
capacidade é a linguístico-discursiva. É com ela que o aluno
desenvolverá seu texto lançando uso correto das coesões
nominais e verbais, da coerência ao longo da produção, da
modalização do discurso e do paralelismo presente na sua
construção.
(E. Lousada, et alii. A elaboração de material didático
para o ensino de Língua inglesa: um estudo preliminar
baseado na noção de gênero de texto. In DAMIANOVIC, M. C. (ed).
Material Didático: Elaboração e Avaliação.
Taubaté: Cabral - Editora e Livraria Universitária.
2007. pp. 204-6. Adaptado)
The last sentence mentions the importance of
“parallelism” in the construction of texts. There is a
parallelism error as to the use of noun phrases in
alternative: